New CED – Memory Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which term describes the process of altering existing schemas in response to new information?
• Organizing items into familiar, manageable units is known as which strategy?
• Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory; how long does it typically last?
• The encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words, is known as which type of encoding?
• Which strategies are commonly used to support memory rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury?
• A mnemonic technique that involves associating items on a list with a sequence or tour of familiar physical locations.
• Which test includes a recognition memory task as part of its standard protocol?
• How do stress and cortisol affect memory encoding and retrieval?
• What is the primary function of the central executive in working memory?
• A brain injury resulting in an inability to form new memories is known as what?
• Which type of memory involves recalling personally experienced events and mental time travel?
• Which memory type involves the recollection of ideas, concepts, and facts that are not tied to personal experiences?
• What are typical age-related changes in retrieval, and which strategies mitigate them?
• Which test is most suited to assess visuospatial construction ability independent of memory?
• Which phenomenon occurs when post-event information alters a memory of an event?
• Which option describes how working memory relates to long-term memory?
• Which statement best defines explicit memory?
• Which statement best captures the encoding specificity principle?
• The process of bringing up old memories, filling in any missing pieces of information to make our recall more clear.
• Which best describes the effect of attention on encoding and retrieval?
• Iconic memory is a brief form of sensory memory that holds visual information. It is categorized as part of which memory system?
• In Baddeley's model of working memory, which component coordinates processes of working memory, focuses attention, switches attention between tasks, and initiates long-term encoding and retrieval?
• Which combination describes the roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in memory?
• What term describes the failure to encode information into memory?
• Which statement best describes the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)?
• Which encoding strategy increases memory capacity by grouping items into meaningful units?
• Which choice best describes Visuospatial Sketchpad's role?
• Which scenario would primarily engage the working memory system?
• Which memory is defined as a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli lasting only a few tenths of a second?
• How does information move from sensory memory to short-term memory in the Atkinson–Shiffrin model?
• Which term describes encoding information all at once, which is less effective than distributed practice?
• Which strategy is particularly effective for mitigating age-related retrieval difficulties, involving external cues and spaced practice?
• A person's memory for episodes or experiences from their own life, including personally relevant episodic and semantic memories, is called what?
• Which type of interference happens when old learning disrupts new information?
• What does spreading activation in semantic networks do for memory search?
• The inability to recall long-term memories due to a breakdown in the remembering process is called?
• Source memory refers to remembering where or how a memory was acquired. When is it most likely to fail?
• The visuospatial sketchpad is a component of which broader memory system?
• The unconscious and effortless process of encoding information such as space, time, and frequency is known as which?
• What occurs during reconsolidation to allow memory updating?
• Which term is used to describe memory for future tasks?
• What phenomenon increases the likelihood that a person will judge an event as having occurred after they imagine it?
• Which term best describes recognizing items presented previously when cues are present?
• What is the name of the brief memory system for auditory information that lasts only a few seconds?
• Which statement best describes sensory memory in the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model?
• Which term describes cognitive activity that requires deliberate control and is effortful?
• Which process stabilizes memories over time through neural reorganization?
• The Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test's delayed recall phase primarily assesses which aspect of memory?
• Which concept describes awareness of one's own thinking and cognitive strategies?
• Which component refers to our ability temporarily to hold visual and spatial information, such as the location of a parked car, or the route from home to a grocery store?
• According to the levels of processing framework, what effect does deeper processing have on memory?
• A progressive memory-loss condition commonly associated with neural plaques is known as which?
• Which component handles visual and spatial data?
• Which component would you likely engage when mentally rearranging letters or numbers in your head?
• Non-declarative (procedural) memory relies on which brain structures?
• Which mnemonic uses spatial memory to anchor items in familiar locations?
• The process by which old schemas are used to interpret information.
• Which neurotransmitter receptor is central to memory formation and LTP due to NMDA receptor activity?
• Which type of memory is typically associated with conscious recollection and the hippocampus/medial temporal lobe?
• In modern theories of memory, which term describes a newer understanding of short-term memory that emphasizes information retrieved from long-term memory?
• Which process is responsible for the initial acquisition of a new memory?
• Which test includes a learning curve analysis across multiple trials?
• Which memory process involves repeating items to keep them in short-term memory, but does not strongly promote long-term retention due to limited elaboration?
• Which process involves focusing on the meaning of information to improve encoding?
• Which pattern is typical of early Alzheimer’s disease memory decline?
• Procedural memory supports skills and habits. Which is an example?
• Which memory system stores and executes automatic actions such as riding a bike?
• The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) principally measures which aspect of memory?
• Which working memory component is primarily responsible for directing attention and coordinating tasks?
• Which component of the Baddeley and Hitch working memory model handles verbal and auditory information?
• What explains the primacy effect in serial position tasks?
• What is the misinformation effect?
• Which learning approach spaces practice with long breaks and is often more effective than cramming?
• Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare?
• The memory phenomenon that occurs when an earlier memory is inaccessible due to a brain injury and events immediately before the injury are forgotten?
• Enhanced memory after retrieving information, rather than simply rereading it, is known as?
• Which neuropsychological test includes a figure-copy task as part of its visuospatial memory assessment?
• Which test includes a recognition component in its memory assessment?
• What is the graphic depiction of the amount of forgetting over time after learning called?
• Describe a commonly used approach to support memory after brain injury.
• The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information is known as
• Which encoding emphasizes the sound structure of words?
• What is the typical capacity of short-term memory?
• Which measure involves identifying previously learned information when presented with cues?
• Which description best captures the role of hippocampal subfields in memory formation?
• Which statement correctly describes explicit versus implicit memory?
• What pattern does the forgetting curve typically show immediately after learning?
• Anterograde amnesia is characterized by...
• Which term describes the strategy of grouping items into units to improve recall?
• Cultural and linguistic factors influence autobiographical memory recall by...
• Which statement correctly characterizes the subtypes of explicit memory?
• Which type of memory stores general knowledge and facts not tied to personal experiences?
• Retroactive interference occurs when which of the following happens?
• Which neurocognitive disorder is characterized by neural plaques and progressive memory decline, typically with onset after age 80?
• What memory phenomenon describes easier recall when in the same environmental context as encoding?
• Which term refers to memory for how to perform tasks such as riding a bicycle?
• The neural processes through which new information from short-term memory is stabilized to result in the storage of enduring memories within long-term memory.
• Where do synaptic consolidation processes primarily occur?
• REM sleep is most closely linked with consolidation of which memory type?
• To assess both verbal episodic memory and visuospatial memory, which pair of tests would be appropriate?
• Which statement about working memory best reflects contemporary theory?
• In the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, which phases are included?
• The disruption effect of new information on the recall of old information is called?
• Which term describes cognitive processing that focuses on superficial perceptual features rather than meaning?
• If a patient shows deficits in verbal episodic learning and recall, which test is most likely to reveal them?
• Stimuli that help people retrieve memories, such as sounds, smells, and internal states, are known as?
• Which statement best describes the development of autobiographical memory in early childhood?
• What is the approximate duration of information held in short-term memory without rehearsal?
• Which component is primarily associated with keeping and manipulating information during a task that requires attention?
• Which mnemonic uses a set of rhyming words to cue recall?
• What ethical considerations arise in memory testing and manipulation?
• Which process transfers memory reliance from the hippocampus to cortical regions over days to years?
• Reconsolidation is best described as what happens to memories after they are retrieved?
• Which test type is characteristic of recognition?
• Which statement best describes age-related changes in memory?
• Which term describes the tendency to remember the first items better than others in a list?
• Which form of thinking involves generating multiple possible solutions, not just one correct answer?
• Which statement best describes the involvement of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in memory?
• Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined is known as?
• Which component holds and manipulates auditory information over short intervals?
• Which aspect explains why practice testing is effective for long-term retention?
• Which term describes memory for tasks and actions performed automatically through practice?
• Which term best captures the function of the visuospatial sketchpad?
• The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system is called?
• Which brain structure plays a key role in the formation and retrieval of episodic memories?
• Source monitoring refers to judging what aspect of memory?
• Processing speed and retrieval tend to slow with age.
• The process of getting information out of memory storage is called?
• Which encoding process occurs without conscious effort and includes encoding of space and time?
• Which sleep stage is most associated with declarative memory consolidation?
• The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current emotional state.
• The defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories is called?
• Which memory system briefly stores auditory information after the stimulus ends and can be recalled if attention returns?
• Which cognitive ability is characterized by generating many possible solutions and directions?
• Which encoding focuses on the physical qualities of a stimulus and is a form of shallow processing?
• Which phenomenon occurs when a recently presented stimulus affects the processing of a similar stimulus?
• Which term describes the brief sensory trace that briefly holds sensory input after it is perceived?
• Which rehearsal strategy involves linking new information to existing long-term memories?
• Memory retrieval is optimized when you are in the same mental state as when you encoded the memory. This is called?
• Which encoding is characterized by analyzing the physical form of a stimulus, such as its shape or font?
• What term describes the inability to retrieve memories from much before age 3?
• In the three-stage memory model, which stage is responsible for holding initial sensory information for a very brief period?
• Which statement about the visuospatial sketchpad and navigation is most accurate?
• Which measure requires retrieval without any cues?
• What does the CVLT-II immediate recall measure?
• According to the levels of processing model, what determines how long a memory trace lasts?
• Which statement best describes recognition vs recall?
• Korsakoff syndrome is most often due to what deficiency and what memory profile?
• Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits while dialing, before storage or forgetting is called?
• Which memory process involves keeping information active for immediate use and manipulation?
• Which memory phenomenon implies that the most recently presented items are well remembered?
• Which two encoding strategies are described as reducing cognitive load by organizing information into meaningful units and levels?
• Memory retrieval is most efficient when in the same state of consciousness as when the memory was formed. This is called?
• LTP mechanism involves calcium influx through NMDA receptors and changes in AMPA receptors.
• Which term describes the act of moving information from working memory into long-term memory?
• Which concept is demonstrated when studying a list by making connections to things you already know?
• Cryptomnesia involves...
• Which statement best describes declarative memory vs non-declarative memory?
• Which scenario illustrates encoding specificity at work?
• Which of the following is a form of implicit memory that involves skills and actions?
• A category of long-term memory that stores general knowledge and concepts is called?
• Which statement best differentiates working memory from short-term memory?
• During systems consolidation, memory becomes dependent on which brain region?
• The delayed recall portion of the CVLT-II primarily assesses which memory domain?
• The tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list is what?
• Which term describes the storage process where short-term memories become long-term memories?
• Autobiographical memory emerges in childhood with language and self-concept.
• Which part of the memory system is described as a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse for knowledge, skills, and experiences?
• Which memory effect describes better recall for items at the start of a sequence?
• Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
• Which study pattern yields better long-term retention, involving spaced study rather than massed practice?
• Which term denotes deep, effortful mental processing that improves memory encoding?
• The temporary inability to remember something you know, with the sense that it is just out of reach, is called?
• Which model emphasizes the depth of processing and predicts that deeper processing yields longer-lasting memory, including structural, phonetic, and semantic processing?
• Across the lifespan, which statement about episodic and semantic memory is most accurate?
• The process of maintaining information in memory over time is called?
• A brain injury resulting in loss of memories for events immediately before the injury is known as?
• Which statement describes the relationship between short-term memory and working memory?
• Which of the following best describes Working Memory?
• Which term describes memory for facts, concepts, and general knowledge?
• In emotional memory, which brain region modulates memory consolidation via amygdala involvement?
• Which term explains forgetting the source while retaining the memory itself?
• Which scenario most clearly requires the visuospatial sketchpad?
• Three stage memory model including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
• A memory aid, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
• Which term refers to using a sequence of familiar locations to remember items?
• The repetition of information to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage describes which process?
• In the DRM paradigm, which type of memory error is commonly demonstrated?
• Which memory domain does the CVLT-II primarily assess?
• Which statement about crystallized memory and aging is most accurate?
• Which memory describes remembering to perform an action in the future?
• What does the episodic buffer do in the working memory model?
• Prospective memory refers to remembering to perform an intended action in the future.
• Which term best describes memory improvement that occurs because information is retrieved rather than restudied?
• A task requiring imagining a visual image and manipulating it to solve a problem engages which component most?
• Which statement best characterizes long-term potentiation (LTP)?
• Which brain structure is most critical for forming new declarative memories?
• Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.
• Memory for episodes or experiences in a person's life is best described by which term?
• Which statement best characterizes associative learning in memory?
• Encoding that focuses on the meaningful aspects of information rather than its perceptual features is called?
• What is the process by which information is converted into a memory trace or stored in memory?
• Which test assesses visuospatial construction and visual memory?
• Which concept explains that learning is more effective when practice is distributed over time rather than crammed?
• What is the effect of chunking on working memory capacity?